For all the crap one might give the Catholic Church for being a bit anti-scientific during the Middle Ages, they sometimes surprise us.
When walking through the Vatican Museum, we came across a huge map room, where Popes had commissioned maps drawn of the World. Considering this was done around the time of Columbus, they at least had some of the best maps in the World. Now the cynic would say this was so they could better maintain their territories (especially in Italy) - but at least give them credit where credit was due.